The concept of «suffering» in Buddhism: ontological problematics

Unlike the most common in modern studies – psychological, ethical, socio-cultural approaches to problem of suffering, this paper philosophical problematics ontological dimension suffering Buddhist philosophy is raised. Many scholars are inclined think that a more adequate translation for Sanskrit term duḥkha “unsatisfactoriness”. However, from material presented article follows rendering does not feet sense notion when it examined plane, and thus traditional “suffering” remains adequate. It also shown etymology as «improperly installed» axle wheel cart has strong connotations with metaphor symbol swastika cultural tradition (wheel being, three turnings Wheel Dharma etc.). In main causes (self, body, ignorance, desire other afflictions) exposed texts scholarship revised, on example Cūḷasuññata-sutta demonstrated real final cause Early Buddhism our body “self” ignorance. While Mahayana based emptiness principle nonduality, dichotomy soul removed, attainment nirvana becomes possible source On hand, argues just view (under angle nonduality) provides us understanding fact can be overcome despite its indestructible status.